Skupina lebdećih krutih ili tekućih čestica u zraku (isključujući čistu vodu), prirodnog ili antropogenog podrijetla, tipične veličine između 0,01 i 10 mikrometara, koje borave u atmosferi najmanje nekoliko sati.

A branch of ecology that investigates the possibilities of agricultural production in accordance with laws of ecology.

Agrošumarstvo je naziv za sustave i tehnologije korištenja zemljišta u kojima se drvenaste trajnice (kao što su drveće, grmlje, palme ili bambusi) i poljoprivredni usjevi ili životinje namjerno uzgajaju na istoj čestici zemljišta u određenom prostornom i vremenskom rasporedu.

Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System

The farming of aquatic (freshwater or saltwater) organisms, such as fish, molluscs, crustaceans and plants, for human use or consumption, under controlled conditions.

It implies some form of intervention in the natural rearing process to enhance production, including regular stocking, feeding and protection from predators. 

Udio sunčevog zračenja koji se reflektira s površine ili objekta, često izražen u postocima.

Članovi su skupine pretežito vodenih fotosintetskih eukariotskih organizama iz carstva Protista. Alge imaju mnogo vrsta životnih ciklusa, a veličinom se kreću od mikroskopskih vrsta roda Micromonas do divovskih kelpova (smeđih algi) koji dosežu duljinu od 60 metara.

Pristup rješavanju problema višefunkcionalnosti te se odnosi se na „podjelu ulaznih ili izlaznih tokova procesa ili sustava proizvoda između sustava proizvoda koji se proučava i jednog ili više drugih sustava proizvoda”.

Bilo koji proizvod koji može zamijeniti sličan proizvod životinjskog podrijetla, proizvodi biljnih alternativa koji potiču iz širokog raspona izvora kao što su biljke, gljive i mikroorganizmi.

Proces u kojem mikroorganizmi razgrađuju biorazgradivi materijal u uvjetima bez prisutnosti kisika.

Prikazuje potencijalne utjecaje na okoliš koji se mogu pripisati sustavu (npr. proizvodu) tijekom njegova životnog ciklusa, tj. uzvodno uzduž lanca opskrbe te nizvodno prateći fazu korištenja sustava i vrijednosni lanac na kraju životnog vijeka.

Organizmi koji izgrađuju složene organske spojeve koristeći anorganske molekule i svjetlost ili anorganske kemijske reakcije.

Transakcije između poduzeća (npr. proizvođač i veletrgovac).

Transakcije između poduzeća i krajnjih potrošača (pojedinaca koji kupuju za privatne svrhe).

Bio-based Industries Joint Undertaking

Stvarna požnjevena proizvodnja s polja, iz voćnjaka i vrtova, isključujući gubitke pri žetvi i vršidbi, kao i onaj dio uroda koji iz bilo kojeg razloga nije požnjeven. Proizvodnja, dakle, uključuje količine robe prodane na tržištu (tržišna proizvodnja) i količine koje su potrošili ili upotrijebili sami proizvođači (vlastita potrošnja).

Plastic derived from biomass.

A product wholly or partly derived from biomass.

Central and Eastern European Initiative for Knowledge-Based Agriculture, Aquaculture and Forestry in the Bioeconomy

A methyl ester produced from vegetable or animal oil, of diesel quality, to be used as biofuel in diesel engines.

Energy made available by the combustion of materials derived from biological sources.

Bioenergija s hvatanjem i skladištenjem ugljika, ili BECCS, uključuje hvatanje i trajno skladištenje iz procesa u kojima se biomasa pretvara u goriva ili izravno spaljuje radi dobivanja energije. Budući da biljke apsorbiraju dok rastu, ovo je način uklanjanja iz atmosfere.

Ethanol produced from biomass.

Proizvedeni od strane živih organizama ili biološkim procesima.

Formulacija mikroorganizama, uglavnom bakterija, gljiva ili cijanobakterija, koja primjenom na biljke ili tlo pomaže u poboljšanju rasta, razvoja biljaka i kvalitete tla.

Liquid or gaseous fuel for transport produced from biomass.

It encompasses all sectors and systems that rely on biological resources (animals, plants, microorganisms and biomass derived from these sources, including organic waste), their functions and principles.

It encompasses and interconnects terrestrial and marine ecosystems and their services, all primary production sectors that use and produce biological resources (agriculture, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture), and all economic and industrial sectors where biological resources and processes are used to produce food, feed, products derived from biological raw materials, energy and services.

The term describes trends in advanced economies towards greater dependence on knowledge, information and high skill levels, and the increasing need for ready access to all of these by the business and public sectors.

The biodegradable fraction of products, waste and residues of biological origin from agriculture, including vegetal and animal substances, from forestry and related industries, fisheries and aquaculture, as well as the biodegradable fraction of waste, including industrial and municipal waste of biological origin.

Source

Materijal koji se koristi u kontaktu sa živim tkivima, organizmima ili mikroorganizmima.

Poznat i kao "obnovljivi prirodni plin"; izvor metana visoke čistoće dobiven ili "pročišćavanjem" bioplina (uklanjanjem i nečistoća) ili uplinjavanjem krute biomase.

Waste containing carbon compounds derived from animal and plant materials.

Pesticidi koji potječu od živih organizama, za razliku od sintetskih koji nastaju kemijskom sintezom.

A mixture of methane and CO2 produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter and used as fuel.

A concept of a processing plant where biomass is converted and extracted into a spectrum of valuable products.

It is completely biodegradable (compostable) without leaving any residue.

It can be made from renewable materials and fossil fuels, as well as mixtures of the two.

Capability of being degraded by biological activity.

Variability among living organisms of different origins, including terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part.

It includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.

Liquid fuels made from biomass used for energy purposes other than transport.

Circular Bio-Based Europe Joint Undertaking

Seventeen global goals for sustainable development (SDGs), also known as the Global Goals, are new, universal goals and indicators that are expected to be used by members of the United Nations in the creation of their programmes and policies in the next fifteen years.

The Community Research and Development Information Service is the European Commission’s primary source for the results of projects funded by the EU’s framework programmes for research and innovation, from FP1 to Horizon Europe.

Deforestation is the removal of forests in order to convert forests and forest land for other purposes.

European Innovation Partnerships are partnerships that bring together relevant parties at EU, national and regional levels to streamline, simplify and better coordinate existing financial instruments and initiatives. They focus on challenges that can benefit society, modernise sectors and markets.

An ecosystem is an area inhabited by organisms and their communities, where primary biomass is continuously created, and then consumed and decomposed by heterotrophic consumers.

Joint Research Centre

Efficient utilisation of resources by using residues and recycled materials for material use to extend total biomass availability within a given system.

The cascading use of wood takes place when wood is processed into a product and this product is used at least once more either for material or energy purposes.

In a single stage cascade, wood is processed into a product and this product is used once more for energy purposes. In a multi-stage cascade, wood is processed into a product and this product is used at least once more in material form before disposal or recovery for energy purposes.

Climate change is a long-term change in the statistical distribution of climatic factors over a time period of ten to a million years.

The circular economy is a model of production and consumption that involves sharing, leasing, reusing, repairing, refurbishing and recycling existing products and materials for as long as possible in order to create additional, long-lasting value for the product.

This extends the lifespan of the product and at the same time reduces the amount of waste.

A value chain is a set of activities necessary to produce goods or services.

The value chain is all the activities and processes within a company that help add value to the final product.

Land use, land-use change and forestry

The greenhouse gas inventory sector covering emissions and removals of greenhouse gases resulting from direct human-induced land use, land-use change and forestry activities.

An incidental product deriving from a manufacturing process or chemical reaction, and not the primary product or service being produced. It can be useful and marketable, or it can have negative ecological consequences.

Residues are classified into four main subcategories: agriculture, forestry, aquaculture and fisheries, and processing residues.

Processing residues are substances that are not the end product(s) that a production process directly seeks to produce. 

The wood left in the forest after forestry logging operations, which includes woody debris from final felling (e.g. branches, leaves, stumps, roots, tops, bark), small trees from thinning and clearing operations, and generally un-merchantable stem wood.

Theoretical biomass potential: The maximum over time non-declining amount of biomass which can be theoretically extracted on a long term basis within fundamental bio-physical limits.

Technical biomass potential: Biomass potential that is available under the current infrastructure conditions and with the current technological possibilities.
It can be temporarily higher than the theoretical potential in the short term; it must, however, respect its constraints.

Economic biomass potential: A fraction of the technical potential that meets the criteria of economic profitability within the given framework conditions using existing infrastructure and technology available in that location.

Biomass implementation potential: The potential that can be implemented within a certain time frame and under concrete socio-political framework conditions, including economic, institutional and social constraints and policy incentives. It can be higher than the economic potential; it must respect the constraints of the theoretical potential.

The food system encompasses all materials, processes and infrastructure related to agriculture, trade, retail, transportation and consumption of food products.

All roundwood felled or otherwise harvested and removed. It comprises all wood obtained from removals, i.e., the quantities removed from forests and from trees outside the forest, including wood recovered due to natural mortality and from felling and logging.

It includes all wood removed with or without bark, including wood removed in its round form, or split, roughly squared or in other form, e.g., branches, roots, stumps and burls (where these are harvested) and wood that is roughly shaped or pointed.

Crops that come directly from the land and without having undergone any real processing, apart from cleaning. They maintain all the biological qualities they had when they were still on the plants. Certain primary crops can be aggregated, with their actual weight, into totals offering meaningful figures on area, yield, production and utilization; for example, cereals, roots and tubers, nuts, vegetables and fruits. Other primary crops can be aggregated only in terms of one or the other component common to all of them. For example, primary crops of the oil-bearing group can be aggregated in terms of oil or oil cake equivalent.

Primary crops are divided into temporary (annual) and permanent (multi-annual) crops.

Temporary crops are those which are both sown and harvested during the same agricultural year, sometimes more than once; permanent crops are sown or planted once and not replanted after each annual harvest.

The European Commission’s Standing Committee on Agricultural Research

Carbon sequestration is a term used to define the process of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This process occurs naturally through plant growth and photosynthesis and absorption from the ocean and soil.

A mixture of solid and liquid animal excrement.

It can be mixed with bedding, which consists of straw, hay, corn husks, sawdust and other similar additives.

Lighthouses are individual sites, such as farms or parks, where scientifically proven good practices and solutions are demonstrated. Lighthouses can also be individual locations that are part of “living labs”.

These are places for exchange and knowledge sharing among peers. Good practices are further tested in real-life conditions to encourage other practitioners to move towards sustainable soil and land management.

A SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis is one of the most well-known and most commonly used analyses. It is almost always created when developing strategies, strategic studies and business plans. 

Primary forestry residues are the residues that are left after logging operations (branches, stumps, treetops, bark, sawdust, etc.). Same as logging residues (see “logging residues” in the glossary).

Secondary forestry residues are by-products and co-products of industrial wood-processing operations (bark, sawmill slabs, sawdust, wood chips, etc.).

These are ligneous crops, meaning trees or shrubs, not grown in rotation, but yielding harvests for several (usually more than five) consecutive years.

Permanent crops mainly consist of fruit trees, berry plantations, shrubs, vineyards and olive trees.

Permanent crops are usually intended for human consumption and generally yield a higher added value per hectare than annual crops. They also play an important role in shaping the rural landscape (through orchards, vineyards and olive tree plantations) and helping to balance agriculture within the environment.

Land used permanently (for five years or more) to grow herbaceous fodder or forage through cultivation (sown) or naturally (self-seeded), which is not included in the crop rotation on the holding.

The grassland can be used for grazing, mown for silage and hay or used for renewable energy production.

It represents the goal of the European Green Deal, which is to make Europe climate neutral by 2050, boost the economy through green technology, create sustainable industry and transport, and cut pollution.

Turning climate and environmental challenges into opportunities will make the transition just and inclusive for all.

Living labs are sites used for experimenting in the field. These are collaborative initiatives between multiple partners and diverse stakeholders, such as researchers, farmers, foresters, spatial planners, land managers and citizens, who come together to jointly create innovations for commonly agreed goals.

Living labs are established at the territorial, landscape or regional level. They coordinate experiments at multiple sites, such as farms, forests, urban or industrial areas.